Worked Example: SBA 504 Express Car Wash Feasibility Study in Maryland
Worked example. The project is a new express exterior tunnel car wash in Frederick County, Maryland.
What SBA's own loan files show about lending in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area, every asset class together, and what a feasibility study for a project there has to test.
5,242 approvals across Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD from FY2017 through FY2026 add up to $2.19 billion gross. Separately, Baltimore-Columbia-Towson sits at 28 of 928 among the complete list of core-based areas counted by loans. For context, $140,000 stands as the midpoint; the bulk of loans falls between $45,000 and $394,000. For context, the area median comes to 0.67x compared with the median across the country, which puts ticket size less than the figure for the nation. For context, Baltimore-Columbia-Towson keeps to its own counties, and never a state's mix of markets: 5,242 loans on file.
5,075 7(a) approvals compare with 167 loans under 504. In turn, 12.8% of all approvals go to franchisees in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson. Within 7(a) approvals, the largest names by approvals are Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company holding 2,318 loans for $318.2 million, Wells Fargo Bank National Association holding 161 loans totalling $36.0 million, followed by TD Bank, National Association holding 138 loans for $25.3 million. In turn, across 504 approvals, the largest program intermediaries by approvals stand as Business Finance Group, Inc. holding 120 loans totalling $164.0 million then Chesapeake Business Finance Corporation holding 24 loans for $38.6 million. Also, these names are taken from SBA files for 5,242 loans; they record completed approvals alone, and in no way the terms that lenders require around Baltimore-Columbia-Towson.
Full-service restaurant at 243, limited-service restaurant at 179, liquor store with 143; and fitness center with 122 top the class table in loan count. In addition, 3,750 loans lie apart from all named classes, so the 5,242-loan file is wider than any class table. Then, 5 approvals in marina across Baltimore-Columbia-Towson make too small a base for a trend. Here, among the counties, Baltimore County (1,460), Anne Arundel County (1,094); and Baltimore city (958) head the county list. In addition, by year, FY2017 begins at 482 loans and $183.2 million; FY2025 is the busiest year at 717 loans and $258.3 million, then FY2026, the year to 2026-09-30, rounds out the tally at 677 loans and $325.8 million.
12.9% among FY2017 through FY2024 loans in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson were cancelled after approval before they funded, which is a floor; 14.5% marks the ceiling if undisbursed loans count. In turn, 7.2% of FY2017 to FY2021 disbursed loans in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson were charged off to date, a floor; 3.9% were charged off in the first half decade of approval, in a cohort of 1,994 loans. Treat each share in this section like a floor, as loans approved lately got limited runway to fall through or default, across 5,242 loans. Here, membership in the file is the statistical area holding each loan's county of the project, on July 2023 boundaries in force; every county get matched on name, and an approval with a county does not map is left out of each area list. In practice, inside and outside the classes, every approval under 7(a) or 504 across Baltimore-Columbia-Towson is included toward its $2.19 billion total.
For Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, an independent study of a property starts from the particular site, rather than the 5,242-loan file. Market demand in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson comes first: does Baltimore-Columbia-Towson's surrounding market sustain the income modelled, set against rivals around Baltimore County? Beyond that, the median here stands at 0.67x measured against the nation's median, so everyday approvals are modest; a bigger scheme needs to show that its debt is serviceable. Here, coverage of debt service ties sales to outlay for Baltimore-Columbia-Towson: projected net operating income compared with the debt payments, plus a weak-sales case. Next, the appraisal caps the work here: value as built has to cover the request asked for. Beyond that, a client armed with a separate report for Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, prior to meeting any lender, has answered the outcome floors early; the call is made by the credit committee and SBA for Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, not the author of a study.
| Loans approved, FY2017 to FY2026 | 5,242 |
|---|---|
| Gross dollars approved | $2.19 billion |
| Median loan | $140,000 |
| Middle half of loans, from | $45,000 |
| Middle half of loans, to | $394,000 |
| SBA 7(a) loans | 5,075 |
| SBA 504 loans | 167 |
| Franchise share of loans | 12.8% |
| Rank among metro and micro areas by loans | 28 of 928 |
| Median loan against the national median | 0.67x |
| Cancelled after approval, FY2017 to FY2024 approvals (a floor) | 12.9% |
|---|---|
| The same, counting loans still undisbursed as cancelled (a ceiling) | 14.5% |
| Charged off to date, FY2017 to FY2021 disbursed loans (a floor) | 7.2% |
| Charged off within five years of approval | 3.9% |
| Loans in that cohort | 1,994 |
Both rates are floors. SBA withholds the status of open loans, so a loan counts as charged off only once SBA reports it; a rate needs at least 30 loans in its cohort and is otherwise not reported.
SBA loans approved in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area, by fiscal year
| Fiscal year | Loans | Dollars |
|---|---|---|
| FY2017 | 482 | $183.2 million |
| FY2018 | 535 | $179.7 million |
| FY2019 | 487 | $166.7 million |
| FY2020 | 375 | $165.3 million |
| FY2021 | 408 | $234.6 million |
| FY2022 | 438 | $217.1 million |
| FY2023 | 518 | $217.6 million |
| FY2024 | 605 | $239.0 million |
| FY2025 | 717 | $258.3 million |
| FY2026 | 677 | $325.8 million |
| Asset class | Loans |
|---|---|
| Not in any of the 39 asset classes | 3,750 |
| Full-service restaurant | 243 |
| Limited-service restaurant | 179 |
| Liquor store | 143 |
| Fitness center | 122 |
| Beauty salon | 112 |
| Child care center | 110 |
| Automotive mechanical repair (car and truck) | 96 |
| Coffee shop and snack bar | 67 |
| Medical office (physicians) | 48 |
| Behavioral health and addiction treatment | 39 |
| Dental office | 36 |
| Assisted living (without nursing care) | 30 |
| Hotel and motel | 30 |
| Beverage manufacturing (breweries, wineries, distilleries) | 28 |
| Rehabilitation and therapy clinic | 25 |
| Car wash | 22 |
| Caterers (includes banquet halls with catering staff) | 22 |
| Gas station and truck stop | 19 |
| Veterinary clinic | 18 |
| Data center | 16 |
| Grocery store | 16 |
| Nonresidential lessor (flex, office and retail investor buildings) | 11 |
| Skilled nursing | 10 |
| School (elementary and secondary, including charter) | 10 |
| Life science lab (research and development) | 8 |
| Self storage | 6 |
| Urgent care and ambulatory surgery | 5 |
| Marina | 5 |
Classes with 5 or more loans; smaller ones are withheld, and more where a small one could be derived.
| Lender | Loans | Dollars |
|---|---|---|
| Business Finance Group, Inc. | 120 | $164.0 million |
| Chesapeake Business Finance Corporation | 24 | $38.6 million |
| Rappahannock Economic Development Corporation | 9 | $5.0 million |
| 504 Capital Corporation | 8 | $14.7 million |
| Lender | Loans | Dollars |
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company | 2,318 | $318.2 million |
| Wells Fargo Bank National Association | 161 | $36.0 million |
| TD Bank, National Association | 138 | $25.3 million |
| Fulton Bank, National Association | 137 | $125.5 million |
| Northeast Bank (ME) | 129 | $20.3 million |
Lenders with 5 or more loans here; a lender with fewer is not listed, and loans SBA or a receiver holds are counted but never listed as a lender.
| County | Loans |
|---|---|
| Baltimore County, MD | 1,460 |
| Anne Arundel County, MD | 1,094 |
| Baltimore city, MD | 958 |
| Howard County, MD | 856 |
| Harford County, MD | 473 |
| Carroll County, MD | 293 |
| Queen Anne's County, MD | 108 |
Counties with 5 or more loans; smaller ones are not listed.
Metro is the CBSA (metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area) of the loan's project county, July 2023 delineation (OMB Bulletin 23-01). The county is matched by name (manifests/ld2/county-cbsa-map.csv); a loan whose county cannot be placed in a 2023 CBSA is left out of every metro.
All assets: every 7(a) and 504 approval in the metro, including those outside the 39 asset classes.
A value marked withheld rests on fewer than 5 loans, or is withheld so that such a figure cannot be derived from other published figures.
Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, 7(a) and 504 loan-level FOIA files (data.sba.gov), as of 2026-09-30; areas from the U.S. Census Bureau CBSA delineation, July 2023 (OMB Bulletin 23-01); Loan Analytics metro cell MT-12580.
Worked example. The project is a new express exterior tunnel car wash in Frederick County, Maryland.
Loan Analytics prepares the feasibility study a lender reads before it commits: for a commercial project in the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area, financed under SBA 7(a), SBA 504, USDA Business and Industry or a conventional bank loan. Tell us the project and the lender's deadline, and we reply with scope, timeline and fee.
Start with the data.
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