Worked Example: SBA 504 Gas Station Feasibility Study in Illinois
A worked example of the feasibility study a lender would read for a gas station project in Illinois, financed with an SBA 504 loan.
What SBA's own loan files show about lending in the Rockford, IL Metro Area, every asset class together, and what a feasibility study for a project there has to test.
481 approvals for projects in Rockford, IL from FY2017 and FY2026 add up to $271.5 million gross. Rockford stands at 172 of 928 within all core-based areas on approvals. Separately, $251,000 stands as the midpoint; half of all loans falls between $125,000 and $568,000. In addition, locally the median is 1.21x compared with the median across the country, meaning loans tend to run higher than the figure for the nation. In practice, Rockford holds only its home counties, not a mix of unrelated markets: 481 approvals in total.
402 loans in 7(a) compare with 79 loans under 504. Worth noting: 13.9% of the loans carry franchised units in this area. Beyond that, in 7(a) loans, the leading names by approvals rank as The Huntington National Bank booking 82 loans totalling $15.9 million, St. Charles Bank & Trust Company, National Association holding 41 loans for $32.7 million; and UMB Bank, National Association with 37 loans totalling $13.5 million. For 504 loans, the top CDCs by number appear as Rockford Local Development Corporation at 62 loans for $48.4 million then Small Business Growth Corporation with 11 loans for $5.4 million. Here, the names here come from SBA files on 481 approvals; they describe loans held and nothing further, and not the standards that lenders ask for in Rockford.
Gas station and truck stop with 24, 19 for full-service restaurant, limited-service restaurant with 19, and 9 in dental office come first among the classes. For context, 349 approvals lie outside all named classes, so the Rockford total is wider than any class table. Here, 6 approvals in grocery store within Rockford are too few to show a trend. Next, among the counties, Winnebago County (428) plus Boone County (53) take the largest shares. Next, across the years, FY2017 opens at 57 loans and $23.4 million; FY2025 sets the high mark at 60 loans and $34.4 million, while FY2026 completes the count at 53 loans and $29.8 million.
12.8% among FY2017 through FY2024 approvals in Rockford have been cancelled before disbursement, which is a floor; 14.7% is the upper bound counting undisbursed loans. For context, 3.6% of FY2017 through FY2021 loans disbursed in Rockford were charged off, a floor, out of 194 disbursed loans. Next, Loan Analytics withholds a five-year figure for Rockford, leaving the to-date floor to stand. Take each share printed here as a floor, since loans written lately got limited opportunity to be cancelled or charged off, across 481 loans. Each area in the file means the CBSA holding each loan's project county, under July 2023 boundaries as adopted; each county are tied by name, while a loan whose project county falls in no CBSA drops out of any area. In addition, counting every class and none, each 7(a) or 504 loan across Rockford is counted within its $271.5 million total.
Throughout Rockford, any serious study covering a project starts from the particular site, not the average of the 481-loan file. Demand in Rockford is tested first: does Rockford's trade area support the sales in the plan, set against rivals in and near Winnebago County? Then, the median here stands at 1.21x measured against the median nationwide, so cost the actual scope against offers from local contractors. In practice, the debt service test ties revenue to cost for Rockford: projected net operating income set against the annual debt service, with a downside case. In practice, the last test, the appraisal, closes the loop in Rockford: collateral and as-complete value must support the sum requested. A client armed with an outside written study of Rockford, when first speaking with a bank, has answered the outcome floors early; the final word is with the lender and SBA alone in Rockford, so a study cannot guarantee it.
| Loans approved, FY2017 to FY2026 | 481 |
|---|---|
| Gross dollars approved | $271.5 million |
| Median loan | $251,000 |
| Middle half of loans, from | $125,000 |
| Middle half of loans, to | $568,000 |
| SBA 7(a) loans | 402 |
| SBA 504 loans | 79 |
| Franchise share of loans | 13.9% |
| Rank among metro and micro areas by loans | 172 of 928 |
| Median loan against the national median | 1.21x |
| Cancelled after approval, FY2017 to FY2024 approvals (a floor) | 12.8% |
|---|---|
| The same, counting loans still undisbursed as cancelled (a ceiling) | 14.7% |
| Charged off to date, FY2017 to FY2021 disbursed loans (a floor) | 3.6% |
| Charged off within five years of approval | withheld |
| Loans in that cohort | 194 |
Both rates are floors. SBA withholds the status of open loans, so a loan counts as charged off only once SBA reports it; a rate needs at least 30 loans in its cohort and is otherwise not reported.
SBA loans approved in the Rockford, IL Metro Area, by fiscal year
| Fiscal year | Loans | Dollars |
|---|---|---|
| FY2017 | 57 | $23.4 million |
| FY2018 | 39 | $16.0 million |
| FY2019 | 47 | $20.9 million |
| FY2020 | 39 | $23.6 million |
| FY2021 | 45 | $24.7 million |
| FY2022 | 46 | $32.7 million |
| FY2023 | 43 | $28.3 million |
| FY2024 | 52 | $37.8 million |
| FY2025 | 60 | $34.4 million |
| FY2026 | 53 | $29.8 million |
| Asset class | Loans |
|---|---|
| Not in any of the 39 asset classes | 349 |
| Gas station and truck stop | 24 |
| Full-service restaurant | 19 |
| Limited-service restaurant | 19 |
| Dental office | 9 |
| Hotel and motel | 8 |
| Automotive mechanical repair (car and truck) | 8 |
| Fitness center | 7 |
| Child care center | 7 |
| Grocery store | 6 |
Classes with 5 or more loans; smaller ones are withheld, and more where a small one could be derived.
| Lender | Loans | Dollars |
|---|---|---|
| Rockford Local Development Corporation | 62 | $48.4 million |
| Small Business Growth Corporation | 11 | $5.4 million |
| Lender | Loans | Dollars |
|---|---|---|
| The Huntington National Bank | 82 | $15.9 million |
| St. Charles Bank & Trust Company, National Association | 41 | $32.7 million |
| UMB Bank, National Association | 37 | $13.5 million |
| Midland States Bank | 30 | $18.6 million |
| Byline Bank | 24 | $22.3 million |
Lenders with 5 or more loans here; a lender with fewer is not listed, and loans SBA or a receiver holds are counted but never listed as a lender.
| County | Loans |
|---|---|
| Winnebago County, IL | 428 |
| Boone County, IL | 53 |
Counties with 5 or more loans; smaller ones are not listed.
Metro is the CBSA (metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area) of the loan's project county, July 2023 delineation (OMB Bulletin 23-01). The county is matched by name (manifests/ld2/county-cbsa-map.csv); a loan whose county cannot be placed in a 2023 CBSA is left out of every metro.
All assets: every 7(a) and 504 approval in the metro, including those outside the 39 asset classes.
A value marked withheld rests on fewer than 5 loans, or is withheld so that such a figure cannot be derived from other published figures.
Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, 7(a) and 504 loan-level FOIA files (data.sba.gov), as of 2026-09-30; areas from the U.S. Census Bureau CBSA delineation, July 2023 (OMB Bulletin 23-01); Loan Analytics metro cell MT-40420.
A worked example of the feasibility study a lender would read for a gas station project in Illinois, financed with an SBA 504 loan.
Loan Analytics prepares the feasibility study a lender reads before it commits: for a commercial project in the Rockford, IL Metro Area, financed under SBA 7(a), SBA 504, USDA Business and Industry or a conventional bank loan. Tell us the project and the lender's deadline, and we reply with scope, timeline and fee.
Start with the data.
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