Worked Example: SBA 504 Car Wash Feasibility Study in Montana, Two Self-Serve Bays and One In-Bay Automatic
A worked example of the feasibility study a lender would read for a car wash project in Montana, financed with an SBA 504 loan.
What SBA's own loan files show about lending in the Kalispell, MT Micro Area, every asset class together, and what a feasibility study for a project there has to test.
Kalispell, MT is Flathead County alone, a micropolitan area with 349 loans and $191.7 million from FY2017 to FY2026, ranking 211 of 928. Its outcome record is thin: SBA publishes a cancellation floor of 6.6% for FY2017 to FY2024 approvals, yet holds back both the matching ceiling and any charge-off rate. Nothing is substituted for the missing values, and silence on them is not a zero.
A median of $222,000 is 1.07x the national figure; loans in the centre of the distribution range from $54,000 to $543,000, and 10.3% are franchise brands. Of the total, 309 are 7(a) and 40 are 504, with Capital Matrix, Inc. holding 20 of the 504 loans for $9.3 million and Big Sky Economic Development Corporation 13 for $8.3 million. A visitor-oriented economy shows in the tracked classes: first is full-service restaurant with 13 loans, limited-service restaurant has 12, hotel and motel 11 and coffee shop and snack bar 6. Another 258 loans fall in no tracked class. Flathead County holds all 349 loans. Because the outcome record is limited to one cancellation floor, comparisons with other areas should be made cautiously and only on the figures printed here.
The names below come from SBA's holder field and place loans without characterising any bank. Three Rivers Bank of Montana holds 81 7(a) loans worth $39.1 million, far ahead of Glacier Bank with 54 worth $9.3 million. Wells Fargo Bank National Association holds 26, Freedom Bank (MT) 21 worth $4.6 million and U.S. Bank, National Association 17 worth $1.5 million. The gap between the first two in dollars per loan is large.
Approvals dropped to 26 loans in FY2019, climbed to 41 in FY2021 and 42 in FY2025, and in FY2026 reached $34.7 million, the highest dollar figure of the decade, on 34 loans.
With little published about losses, a study carries more of the burden of proof. It should test demand at the site against what the leading restaurant and lodging classes already supply, separate visitor from resident spending, and run debt service coverage with conservative assumptions about vacancy and ramp-up. The appraisal must support value. Flathead County is placed by the 2023 delineation. Nothing here assures an approval.
| Loans approved, FY2017 to FY2026 | 349 |
|---|---|
| Gross dollars approved | $191.7 million |
| Median loan | $222,000 |
| Middle half of loans, from | $54,000 |
| Middle half of loans, to | $543,000 |
| SBA 7(a) loans | 309 |
| SBA 504 loans | 40 |
| Franchise share of loans | 10.3% |
| Rank among metro and micro areas by loans | 211 of 928 |
| Median loan against the national median | 1.07x |
| Cancelled after approval, FY2017 to FY2024 approvals (a floor) | 6.6% |
|---|---|
| The same, counting loans still undisbursed as cancelled (a ceiling) | withheld |
| Charged off to date, FY2017 to FY2021 disbursed loans (a floor) | withheld |
Both rates are floors. SBA withholds the status of open loans, so a loan counts as charged off only once SBA reports it; a rate needs at least 30 loans in its cohort and is otherwise not reported.
SBA loans approved in the Kalispell, MT Micro Area, by fiscal year
| Fiscal year | Loans | Dollars |
|---|---|---|
| FY2017 | 43 | $20.4 million |
| FY2018 | 37 | $12.5 million |
| FY2019 | 26 | $18.1 million |
| FY2020 | 35 | $14.1 million |
| FY2021 | 41 | $27.8 million |
| FY2022 | 28 | $8.9 million |
| FY2023 | 31 | $13.8 million |
| FY2024 | 32 | $17.0 million |
| FY2025 | 42 | $24.5 million |
| FY2026 | 34 | $34.7 million |
| Asset class | Loans |
|---|---|
| Not in any of the 39 asset classes | 258 |
| Full-service restaurant | 13 |
| Limited-service restaurant | 12 |
| Hotel and motel | 11 |
| Coffee shop and snack bar | 6 |
| Nonresidential lessor (flex, office and retail investor buildings) | 5 |
| Automotive mechanical repair (car and truck) | 5 |
Classes with 5 or more loans; smaller ones are withheld, and more where a small one could be derived.
| Lender | Loans | Dollars |
|---|---|---|
| Capital Matrix, Inc. | 20 | $9.3 million |
| Big Sky Economic Development Corporation | 13 | $8.3 million |
| Lender | Loans | Dollars |
|---|---|---|
| Three Rivers Bank of Montana | 81 | $39.1 million |
| Glacier Bank | 54 | $9.3 million |
| Wells Fargo Bank National Association | 26 | $6.7 million |
| Freedom Bank (MT) | 21 | $4.6 million |
| U.S. Bank, National Association | 17 | $1.5 million |
Lenders with 5 or more loans here; a lender with fewer is not listed, and loans SBA or a receiver holds are counted but never listed as a lender.
| County | Loans |
|---|---|
| Flathead County, MT | 349 |
Counties with 5 or more loans; smaller ones are not listed.
Metro is the CBSA (metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area) of the loan's project county, July 2023 delineation (OMB Bulletin 23-01). The county is matched by name (manifests/ld2/county-cbsa-map.csv); a loan whose county cannot be placed in a 2023 CBSA is left out of every metro.
All assets: every 7(a) and 504 approval in the metro, including those outside the 39 asset classes.
A value marked withheld rests on fewer than 5 loans, or is withheld so that such a figure cannot be derived from other published figures.
Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, 7(a) and 504 loan-level FOIA files (data.sba.gov), as of 2026-09-30; areas from the U.S. Census Bureau CBSA delineation, July 2023 (OMB Bulletin 23-01); Loan Analytics metro cell MT-28060.
A worked example of the feasibility study a lender would read for a car wash project in Montana, financed with an SBA 504 loan.
Loan Analytics prepares the feasibility study a lender reads before it commits: for a commercial project in the Kalispell, MT Micro Area, financed under SBA 7(a), SBA 504, USDA Business and Industry or a conventional bank loan. Tell us the project and the lender's deadline, and we reply with scope, timeline and fee.
Start with the data.
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